A geometallurgical approach to maximising value of Te, Bi, and W as by-products at Björkdal Gold Mine, Sweden

Lara U. Tritton

Tellurium, bismuth, and tungsten are widely classed as critical metals due to their strategic importance and limited supply. Mining, mineral processing, and extractive metallurgy have a substantial environmental footprint, but recycling alone cannot meet demand, so it is crucial to diversify sources